Policy defaults are seen as recommendations on
important issue of needed organ donations
Every year about 5,000 people die in the United States
because there are too few organ donors. Unlike in some countries,
where people are considered donors unless they request not to be,
American policymakers have established “not being an organ donor” as
the default and relatively few people go to the trouble of
switching.
New research at UC San Diego, just published in the journal
Psychological Science, indicates that people perceive the
default option as a recommendation by policymakers and that this
helps explain why few people request a change.
Four experiments by psychological researchers Craig R. M.
McKenzie, Michael J. Liersch, and Stacey R. Finkelstein examined two
domains -- being an organ donor and saving for retirement -- where
default effects are known to occur and have important implications.
The researchers conclude that, “policymakers need to be aware of the
implicit messages conveyed by their choice of default.”
One experiment asked participants for their personal views
about organ donation and also asked them to play the role of
policymakers choosing the organ donor default. Participants’
personal views influenced their choice of default. For example,
participants who agreed that people ought to be organ donors were
much more likely to choose “organ donor” as the policy default
compared to those who disagreed.
A second experiment showed that participants made predictable
inferences about policymakers’ views based on the policy default.
For example, participants were much more likely to infer that the
policymakers probably think that people ought to be organ donors
when the policy default was “organ donor” than when it was “not an
organ donor.” Thus, this experiment showed that participants infer
that the default is an implicit recommendation, and the first
experiment showed that this is a reasonable inference.
A third experiment showed that participants inferred the
default in retirement plan participation to be implicit investment
advice.
A final experiment demonstrated that these inferences play a
causal role in people’s choices to stay with the default.
In conclusion, say the researchers, “Because many people are
uncertain about their preferences, and much is at stake, these
inferences could have profound implications. Policymakers need to be
aware of the sorts of inferences, perhaps unintended, that people
make on the basis of the selected default.”