Mourning
the death of a spouse
When your spouse dies, your world changes. You are in
mourning—feeling grief and sorrow at the loss.
You may feel numb, shocked, and fearful. You may
feel guilty for being the one who is still
alive. If your spouse died in a nursing home,
you may wish that you had been able to care for
him or her at home. At some point, you may even
feel angry at your spouse for leaving you. All
these feelings are normal. There are no rules
about how you should feel. There is no right or
wrong way to mourn.
When you grieve, you can feel both physical and emotional
pain.
People who are grieving often cry easily
and can have:
trouble sleeping
little interest in food
problems with concentration
a hard time making decisions
If you are grieving, in addition to dealing with feelings of
loss, you may also need to put your own life
back together. This can be hard work. During
this time, you may be surprised by some of your
feelings, but they are a part of mourning. Some
people may feel better sooner than they expect.
Others may take longer. As time passes, you may
still miss your spouse, but for most people the
intense pain will lessen. There will be good and
bad days. You will know that you are feeling
better when the good days begin to outnumber the
bad.
For some people, mourning can go on so long that it becomes
unhealthy. This can be a sign of serious
depression and anxiety. If your sadness
stays with you and keeps you from carrying
on with your day-to-day life, talk to your
doctor.
What Can You Do?
At the start of your grieving, you may find that taking care
of details and keeping busy helps. For a while,
family and friends may be around. But there
comes a time when you will have to face your new
life alone.
Here are some ideas to keep in mind:
Take care of yourself. Grief can be hard on your
health. Try to eat right, exercise, and get
enough sleep. Avoid bad habits such as drinking
too much alcohol or smoking that can put your
health at risk. Be sure to take your medicines
as your doctor ordered. Remember to see the
doctor for your usual visits.
Talk to caring friends. Let your family and
friends know when you want to talk about your
husband or wife. It may help to be with people
who let you say what you're feeling.
Join a grief support group. Sometimes it helps
to talk to people who are also grieving. Check
with hospitals, religious groups, and local
government agencies to find out about support
groups.
Try not to make any major changes right away.
It's a good idea to wait for a while before
making big decisions like moving or changing
jobs.
See your doctor. If you're having trouble taking
care of your everyday activities, like getting
dressed or fixing meals, talk to your doctor.
Don't think you have to handle your grief alone.
Sometimes short-term talk therapy with a
counselor can help.
Remember your children are grieving, too. You
may find that your relationship with your
children has changed. It will take time for the
whole family to adjust to life without your
spouse.
Remember—mourning takes time. It's common to
have rollercoaster emotions for a while.
Do Men and Women Feel the Same Way?
Andrew, age 73, felt like the wind had been knocked out of
him when his wife died. He began sleeping all
day and staying up at night watching TV. Meals
were mostly snacks like cookies and chips. He
knew it wasn't healthy, but he didn't know what
to do. Across town, Alice woke up in a panic. It
had been 5 weeks since Jeff, her husband of 41
years, died. She cared for him during his long
illness. How was she going to cope with the
loneliness?
Men and women share many of the same feelings when their
spouse dies. Both may deal with the pain of loss
and both may worry about the future. But because
many couples divide their household chores,
there can also be differences. For example, one
person may pay bills, clean house, and handle
car repairs. The other person may cook meals,
file income taxes, and mow the lawn. This
splitting up of jobs works well until there is
one person who has to do it all.
Some men are at a loss when it comes to doing household
chores. But these jobs can be learned over time.
Men are sometimes surprised when they're
widowed. For those men who are both widowed and
retired, grief may cause depression. If you or
any family member is having this problem, see
your doctor. Treatment can help.
Facing the future without a husband can be scary for some
women. Many have never lived alone. Some women
will worry about money. Women who have never
paid bills or balanced a checkbook will need to
learn about managing money.
Women may also worryabout feeling safe. It's a good idea to
make sure there are working locks on the doors
and windows. If you need help, ask your family
or friends. You'll need to get in the habit of
taking care of your house and car. It takes
time, but it can be done.
Taking Charge of Your Life
After years of being part of a couple, it can be upsetting to
be alone. Many people find it helps to have
things to do every day. Write down your weekly
plans. You might:
Take a walk with a friend.
Go to the library to check out books.
Volunteer at a local school as a tutor or
playground aide.
Join a community exercise class or a senior swim
group.
Be part of a chorus.
Meet with old friends.
Sign up for bingo or bridge at a nearby
recreation center.
Think about a part-time job.
Join a bowling league or a sewing group.
Offer to watch your grandchildren or a
neighbor's child.
Consider adopting a pet.
Some widowed people lose interest in cooking and eating. It
may help to have a noon meal at a senior center,
cafeteria, or with friends. When home, some
people find that turning on a radio or TV during
meals helps with loneliness. For information on
nutrition and cooking for one, see the General
Nutrition Resource List for Seniors at
www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/pubs/olderadults.htm or
look for helpful books at your local library or
bookstore.
Is There More To Do?
When you feel stronger, you may need to think about:
Writing a new will.
Looking into a durable power of attorney for
legal matters and a power of attorney for health
care in case you are unable to make your own
medical decisions.
Putting any joint assets (such as a house or
car) in your name.
Checking on your health insurance as well as
your current life, car, and homeowner's
insurance.
Signing up for Medicare by your 65th birthday.
Paying state and federal taxes.
When you are ready, go through your husband's or wife's
clothes and other personal items. It may be hard
to give away these belongings. Instead of
parting with everything at once, you might make
three piles: one to keep, one to give away, and
one "not sure." Ask your children to help. Think
about setting aside items like clothing, a
watch, favorite book, or picture to give to your
children or grandchildren as personal reminders
of your spouse.
What About Going Out?
Lillian felt lost. Widowed at age 71, she kept seeing the
same couples that she and her husband, Ray, had
always liked. But without Ray she felt out of
place. How could she enjoy going out when she
felt like a "fifth-wheel"?
Having a social life can be hard. It may be scary to think
about going to parties alone. It can be hard to
think about coming home alone. It may be even
harder to think about dating. Some people miss
the feeling of closeness and affection that
marriage brings.
Here are some things to remember:
Go slowly. There's no rush.
It's okay to make the first move when it comes
to planning things to do.
Try group activities. Invite friends for a pot
luck dinner or go to a senior center.
With married friends, think about informal
outings like walks or movies rather then
"couples" events that remind you of the past.
Find an activity you like. You may have fun and
meet people who like to do the same thing.
Remember that friendship can come in many forms.
Don't Forget
Take care of yourself. Get help from your family or
professionals if you need it. Be open to new
experiences. Don't feel guilty if you laugh at a
joke or enjoy a visit with a friend. You are
adjusting to life without your spouse.
For More Information
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
7500 Security Boulevard
Baltimore, MD 21244
800-633-4227 (toll-free)
877-486-2048 (TTY/toll-free)
www.medicare.gov
Eldercare Locator
800-677-1116 (toll-free)
www.eldercare.gov
USA.gov
www.usa.gov/Topics/Seniors.shtml
Social Security Administration
6401 Security Boulevard
Baltimore, MD 21235
800-772-1213 (toll-free)
800-325-0778 (TTY/toll-free)
www.socialsecurity.gov
US Department of Agriculture
Food and Nutrition Information Center
10301 Baltimore Avenue, Room 105
301-504-5719
301-504-6856 (TTY)
www.nal.usda.gov
For more information on health and aging, including
nutrition, exercise, and sleep, contact:
National Institute on Aging
Information Center
P.O. Box 8057
Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8057
800-222-2225 (toll-free)
800-222-4225 (TTY/toll-free)
www.nia.nih.gov